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Article: How a ballvalve works and how to fix it.
In cold water storage cistern or WC cistern, the water level is regulated by a ballvalve that is opened and closed by a level arm attached to a float.
How this system works:
A cold water storage cistern, or a WC cistern where the supply is direct from the mains, needs a high pressure valve. A WC cistern needs a low pressure valve. If the pressure is very low because the WC cistern is only slightly lower than the storage cistern, a full way valve is needed. Low pressure valves have wider inlet nozzles than high pressure valves. If a high pressure valve is fitted where a low pressure valve is needed, the cistern will fill much too slowly. If a low pressure valve is fitted in a cistern supplied from the mains, water leak past the valve. Most modern valves can be changed from high pressure to low pressure operation either by inserting a different fitting into the inlet nozzle or by changing a detachable inlet nozzle. Some types are suitable for high or low water pressure without any alteration. When the cistern is at normal level, the float bolds the arm horizontal and the valve is closed. When the water level drops, the float lowers the arm and the valve opens to let more water in.
How to repair a ballvalve that does not work properly:
When a ballvalve does not open or close fully, it can cause airlocks and supply problems.
· Portsmouth valves
Before you start: If a ballvalve does not open fully, the cistern (WC or cold water storage) will be slow to fill and airlocks will occur. If the ball valve does not close fully, the water level in the cistern becomes too high and causes a constant flow from the overflow pipe.
The water inlet of a Portsmouth valve is opened and closed by a washer piston that moves horizontally. The piston is slotted onto a float arm and secured with a split pin. Some types have a screw on cap at the end of the piston. The water outlet is on the bottom of the valve in from of the float arm. The detachable inlet nozzle can be changed to suit the water pressure. The valve will not work efficiently if the washer is worn or moving parts are clogged by lime scale or corrosion.
1. Turn off the main stoptap if you are working on the cold water cistern, or close the gate valve to WC cistern.
2. Use a pipe wrench to loosen the ballvalve end cap, if there is one, then unscrew and remove it.
3. Use pliers to close the end of the split pin securing the float arm, then withdraw the pin. Remove the float arm and put it to one side.
4. Insert a small screwdriver blade into the slot where the float arm was seated. Use it to push the piston form the end of the casing. Catch the piston with your other hand as it comes out.
5. Clean the outside of a metal piston (but not a plastic one) with fine abrasive paper. Wrap fine abrasive paper round a pencil shaft and clean the inside of the metal valve casing.
6. To renew the washer, hold the piston with a screwdriver thrust into the slot and use pliers to unscrew its washer retaining cap. Do not force it or you may damage the piston. If a metal cap is difficult to undo, smear penetration oil round the cap edge and try again after about ten minutes.
7. With the cap removed, use a screwdriver to prise out the washer from the inside. (if you were unable to remove the cap, try to pick out the old washer with a penknife through the cap’s open centre.)
8. Fit the new washer and screw the cap back on. Tighten with pliers. (if the cap is still on, try to force the new washer through the entre hole and push it flat with your finger.)
Before refitting the piston, turn on the water supply briefly to flush out dirt from the valve casing still attached to the cistern. Lightly smear the piston with petroleum jelly before reassembling the valve and float arm. Use a new split pin to secure the arm. Restore the water supply.
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